Improvement



2 Shetsshee t 1L. HENRY HOWARD.

improvement inSteam Generators.

Patented March 26, 1872-.

- 2 Sheets--Sheet HENY HOWARD.

mpr'ovemerit in Steam Generators,

Patented March 26,1872.

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HENRY nownen, or SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM-GENERATORS Specification forming part of LettersPatent No. 124,898, datcd March 26, 1872.

*Fig. 2 is a plan view of one section of the pipes.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the same through line H of Fig. 2. Fig.4 is a plan view, showing two sections and the method of joinin g thesame together, or of making connections between two or more sectionswhen it is desired to increase the power. Fig. 5 is a horizontallongitudinal section through line I of Fig. 4, showing the form of thehead of a section of pipe. Fig. 6 is an inside plan view of one of thepacking-nuts which secures the inner tube in place. Fig. 7 is a verticalsection of the same through line L of Fig. 6. 'Fig. 8 is a plan view ofthe packing-ring. Fig. 9 is a section of the same through line N of Fig.8. Fig. 10 is a vertical section through line H, in enlarged size, toshow details of construction; and Fig. 11 is a vertical transversesection of one of the pipes, showing the application of a horizontaldiaphragm to the in side of the large pipe. I

My invention relates to a device for generating steam; and consists of aseries of pipes cast together, preferably in sections of two each, andthen secured together, one above another, with packin g rin gs betweenat the points of connection to make the joints secure and tight betweenevery two sections; and each pipe has an inner pipe extending lengthwisethrough the same, and is made tight at the ends by a packing-nut havingthe same arrangement of packing-ringupon the inner face thereof,

through one end of which the inner pipe passes,

with a small space between said pipe and theinneropeningofthepacking-ring. Thesepipes,

{being cast in sections of two pipes each, are

placed one section upon the otherto any desired height, and they mayalso be placed side by side. When built up in this manner, and to makeaproper connection between them when placed side by side for thecirculation of water and steam, a common bend is used, one end of whichis connected to the head in one pile or section, and the other end tothe head in the next pile or section; and the horizontal sections aresecured together by vertical ,rods extending down through the sections,and

nuts screwed upon the ends firmly to a hearing. i 5

That others skilled in the art may be able to make and use my invention,I will proceed to describe its construction andoperation.

In the drawing, A representsthe outside pipes, cast in pairs, each pairbeing joined at each end by the head E. A hole is made in i.

each head, said hole being located centrally opposite the end of eachpipe A, with an an nular recessaround said hole in the outer face of thehead for the reception of a packing, as hereinafter explained. 0represents a nut having an interior thread made therein at (Z, and anannular projection, a, upon its inner face, with an orifice or opening,6, a little larger in diameter than the outside diameter of the smallpipe D, and said projection has an annular channel or groove, 0,therein, as shown clearly in Fig. 7. This nut is turned upon the threadat one end of the small pipe D, and the other end of the pipe D is theninserted through the hole in the head E and passed entirely through thelarger pipe A, just protruding through the opposite hole in the otherhead 11 and another nut, c, is then turned onto the protruding end ofsaid pipe, and both nuts are then turned on tightly against theheads,which brings the aunular projection to up firmly to its bearing inbottom of the recess around the holes through which the small pipeprotrudes at each end, so as to make a tight and close joint, as shownin Figs. 3 and 10. This furnishes afree passage for the free circulationof air from the outside through the interior pipe D, as both ends of thesame areopen, while there is a space between the interior and exteriorpipes for the free circulation of water and steam, said spaces ineach'pipe communicating with each other through the head I, as shownclearly in Fig. 5.

.Vertical holes I) are made through the heads E, the heads being formedupon the inside so that said holes are inade through the solid metal, sothat the rods which secure the sections together need not pass into thesteani or water space. Annularrecesses a are made in the upper and lowerhorizontal faces of each headlfl, and an annular packing-rim g, u,having an annular groove or channel, 0, therein, is placed in each ofsaid recesses upon the upper face ofeach head E in each section, and therecesses are of such depth that when two sections are placed togethersaid packing-rings shall have a good and firm bearing in each recess.These packing-rings being put in place in all the recesses in the upperface of a section, another section is placed on top of this last sectionwith the upper part of each packingring projecting up into the recessesin the lower face of the upper section, and so on until all the sectionsshall be properly placed one above another, and when this is done therods 12, having a screw-thread upon each end, are placed through all theholes I), and nuts are turned thereon firmly to a bearing against theheads E, and this brings every packing-ring firmly and closely to thebottom of each recess before the horizontal faces of the heads E toucheach other. There is then free and uninterrupted communication throughall the series of pipes A and heads E, with a direct air-passage in eachpipe A through the interior pipe D, open at each end. The lower head Eatone end, and the upper head at the other end, may be somewhatelongated, as shown at B, with holes a: therein, the lower one for theadmission or circulation of water, and the upper one for passage orcirculation of steam, and the elongations 13 furnish good support forthe generator when set up in brick-work. When it is desired to furnish agenerator with increased generatin g power, two or more of thesevertical sections may be placed side by side, and the elongated parts Bbe dispensed with or not, as may be most convenient, as the steam will,ofcourse, circulate inthe head, the elongation serving mainly forsupport, and connection may be made between each vertical section bymeans of a common bend,F, one end of which is connected to one sectionand the other end to the next section by acommon thimble-connection. Ifone section should then settle or become slightly displaced from anycause, such displacement would not be liable to disturb the nextsection. It would be better to set the generator, properly inclosed andsupported by brick-work, at a slight inclination, say, an inch in heightto a foot in length, in order to get the best circulation and a propersettling of any residuum which may be contained in the water, as suchresiduum would then naturally fall to the lower head B, and could easilybe removed therefrom; and the arrangement of the pipes or fines Dfacilitates the cleaning of the pipes when required, as said pipes D maybe easily removed by turning off one of the nuts 0 and drawing out saidpipe. The annular projection a upon the nut c has suffieient elasticityto provide for the contraction and expansion of the pipes, and as theorifice c in said pro jection is somewhat larger than the outer diameterof the pipe D, and the steam or water can pass into the groove 0, thepressure in the generator will have a tendency to press the outerannular flange of said projection, which forms the outside of thegroove, more firmly to its seat in the bottom of the recess, and as thewater or steam is always in the annular groove 0 in the packingring a,the tendency is, from the pressure in the generator, to press bothflanges more firmly to the bottom of the recesses in which they areplaced.

When properly set up in brick-work, with a space all around the pipes Aup to the waterline, the fire from the fire-box at the forward end comesin contact with the exterior surface of all the pipes A up to thewater-line, passes down and under the rear end of the generator, andpasses through the pipes D, thereby heating said pipes and also thewater in contact therewith, which fills the space between the pipes Dand the interior surface of the larger pipes A, and a great amount ofsteam-generatiu g or heating surface is thereby gained.

If it should be desirable, a horizontal diaphragm might be cast upon theinside of the pipe A, dividing the space between the pipe D and pipe Ainto two spaces-an upper and a lower space, as shown in Fig. 11. Thesesections might be formed by a series of single tubes, A, boltedtogether, with a tight packed joint between, and with the interior tubeD secured in each, but I prefer to make them in sections of at least twopipes to one head at each end.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is- 4 1. A steam-generator, made in sectionsof two or more pipes, A, cast together with a packing-head, E, saidpipes having an interior air-passage, D, and secured together with atight-packed joint at each point of connection, substantially asdescribed.

2. I claim the pipe A, with a packing-head, E, at each end thereof, andhaving an interior tube, D, secured therein, substantially as described.

3. I claim, as a means of packing the joint or connection between twosections of the above- (leseribed generator, the annular metallicpacking a having an annular groove or channel, 6, therein, substantiallyas described.

4. I claim, as a means of securing the pipe D within the pipe A and ofpacking the joint at the point of connection, the nut 0 having theannular, projection 01, with the annular groove I or channel 6 therein,substantially as described.

HENRY HOWARD.

Witnesses:

T. A. CURTIS, CLARENCE BUCKLAND.

